Sand mining and it's impact on the availability of ground water

mohammedshareefkt@gmail.comhttp://zeenathasis000.blogspot.in
SANDMINING AND IT'S IMPACT ON THE AVAILABILITY OF GROUND WATER
INTRODUCTION
Sand is formedby the wheathering of rocks, which takes a lot of years to come into reality.Sand mining results in climatic changes in the environment. Even greate disasters like Tsunami

will happen due to the sandmining. Sand mining will result in death of rivers.Illegal sand mining should be prohibited;otherwise it will destroy our beatiful natureThus this scarce resourse should be protected, protected by human race for a better future and better living. Sandmining is a practice that is becoming an ecological problem
as the demand of sand increases in industry. Sand is mined from beaches, inland dunes and dreadged from ocean beds and river beds. It is often used in manufacturing. As communities grow; construction requires less wood and more concrete,leading to a demand for low coast. Sand is also used to replace eroded coast line. Sandmining is a direct and obvious cause of erosion, and also impacts the local wild life.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM"Sandmining and it's impact on the availability of the water"
NEED AND SIGNIFICANCESandmining in the river basin, coastal areas, and hilly region in Kerala has posed serious threats to ecology and social life. Due to mining the river bed is escaped to sunlight leading to dry conditions, hence water availability has fallen down and the available water turns into saline. This inturn affecting the livelyhood of fisher folk. Sandmining affects irrigation and water supply also. The ecology of lotic habitat is altered due to sandmining.
The miners with their money power and muscle power and money power, and also by political influence can mine in their liscences. Because of their selfish attitudethey can dig into several meters of deapth; removing 4-6 times of permitted quota.
OBJECTIVES1. To know more about sandmining.
2. To undestand the impact of sand mining in environment.
3. To know how sandmining affects the availability of water.
METHODOLOGYI have collected the data both primarily and secondarily
. Primary data is mainly by visiting those places which were seriously under the threat of sandmining. Also the water level of the same was decreasing year after year. Another river basin which I have Visited was the river Parali(Palakkad) which is more or less 15 km away from Palakkad. I t is also under the threat of sandmining. Secondary datas are mainly from text books of Environmental Education, Library books, internet, paper cut outs, News papers, Medias(visual) and also from a documentary on television.
ANALYSISThe single factor that has contributed mostly to the river ecology in Kerala is the excessive sandmining from rivers. The sand is mined for building, constructions, fillings, pavings, and reclamation of wet lands. The construction boom that started in the Kerala on 1980's together with population growth had lead to the over-exploitation of sand resources of the rivers of Kerala. Today sandmining is done in all the major and medium rivers to the extent that more than 3000 truck loads of sand are lifted daily. This will reduce the capacity of river in recharging ground water. For eg; the second largest river in Kerala "Bharathappuzha
" often called the 'life line' of Kerala state had turn ugly and water less for almost of the year,because of man's greed. Despite of high court orders that only the annual incriment of sand can be taken, sand is taken away in lorries every day from all other major rivers, abkari revenue but has attracted all kinds of criminals, social undesirables, and all others to complete the greed. The mafia is ravaging the most of the rivers, making mockery of the states social and judicial machinary. They with the backing of social politicians and police had conquered the rivers with their money and muscle power, thus plundering her by quarrying thousands tonnes of sand from the river bed day by day . They unleash terror against those who oppose the illegal activity.
Number of side effects are there on sandmining; they are:1. Removal of sand had resulted in lowering or sinking of river beds and formation of pits on either side of which have become virtual death traps in many rivers. Solid wastes and silts may get deposited in these pits causing water contamination, algal bloom and bacterial growth.2. The lowering of the bed level and reduced flow from upstream cause reverse flow from the sea at high tide carrying all the chemical and biological pollutants upto or even above the main waterr supply pumbing situation.3. The lowering of water table encourages the intrusion of saline water into fresh water causing serious threats to drinking and irrigation.4. The sand holds the water and fills the nearby ponds and takes by rising the water table. When sand is removed from the river bed, the hydraulic gradient increases dangerously. It has also affected the availability of water in the wells and canals on the sides of the river.5. The sand lifting done without any official supervision has encouraged the villagers to encroach upon the river bed. The river beds and banks of many rivers have already been taken over by the local villagers.6. Indiscriminate sandmining has weakened many bridges, buildings,water tanks and other civil constructions.7. The riverine morphology gets changed and water equilibrium upset causing serious threats to the biodiversity of the river and banks. Particularly the fish wealth gets depleated as it adversly affect their breeding process.FINDINGS
Sandmining causes slow death of the rivers, hence it act as slow poison.
Removal of sand had resulted in lowering or sinking of the river beds.
Lowering of the river bed level reduces flow from upstream and cause reverse flow
. Sand is the one which holds water
and fills the nearby ponds and lakes by rising the water table. Indiscriminate sandmining had weakened many bridges, buildings and water tanks.
CONCLUSION
Sandmining is the practice that is becoming an ecological problem as the demand for the sand increases in industry and construction. Sand is mined from all the available resources such as river basin, beaches, ocean beds etc. This constant sandmining causes the decrease in the water table and hence the death of the river.
REFERENCEEnvironmental studies: R. Janarddanakkuruppu
Science Education: Prof:K. P Joy
Environmental Biology and Ethology: Dr. M.I Andrews

ERISSERY

Erissery is the one of the most important side dish of kerala which is an important dish inonam sadya.

Preparation

01. Chop the yam into small pieces and place it in water. 02. Slice the skin from the etheyka and draw four equal slits lengthwise. Now slice each piece diagonally into smaller pieces and place it in water. 03. Dissolve the pepper powder in water and stir it well. When the powder settles, drain out the liquid. 04. Once again, add water and strain it through a muslin cloth. 05. Add the yam, turmeric powder and salt to this water and boil it well. 06. When the yam is three fourths cooked, add the chopped etheykka pieces and continue to cook it till done. 07. Mix the grated coconut and the cumin seeds and grind it well. Add this paste to the cooked vegetables and keep it all to boil. 08. When it boils well, remove from the flame. 09. Heat coconut oil in a frying pan, and add the mustard seeds. When it splutters, to this add grated coconut from one half of a coconut, mashed well by hand without adding water. 10. Keep stirring well all the time. 11. When the coconut is well fried, add the ghee and mix well. Next remove a small amount of coconut from the centre and make a small hole. 12. To this add the cumin seeds. When it splutters, remove from the flame and add the contents to the cooked yam mixture. 13. Mix well and serve. 14. Take care to keep the flame at the minimum or lowest possible,when frying the coconut, to prevent it from burning.

cancer and it's classification

CANCER AND IT'S CLASSIFICATION
INTRODUCTIONCancer is a disease charised by excessive and rapid growth of the cells in a living organism.It can be seen at any tissue. There are two types of cancers , they are Benign and Malignant. Malignant cancers invade spread and ultimately destroy the surrounding tissue. In addition to this cancerous cells are carried to the whole body through blood stream and lymphatic vessel.
Benign tumors are non-cancerous, slow growing,encapsulated and non-metastatized which is specialized to particular part of the body.

cancer cell
CLASSIFICATION OF CANCEROUS TUMORS

Most of the cancer deaths are occured due to the malignacies of lungs, breast or colon. There are 100 types of cancers each having it's own symptoms and it's own special type s of therapy.Hence all these cancers are divided into three broad groups on the basis of histogenesis, that is, by identifying the particular type of tissue from which the tumor cell arise.
The major types are carcinomas, sarcomas,and mixed tissue tumors.
CARCINOMASCarcinomas are the largest group, they are solid tumors that are derived from epithelial tissue which lines the external nad internal surfaces of the body, and reproductive organs.There are two types of carcinomas namely, adenoma and adenocarcinoma. Adenomas are benign while adenocarcinomas are malignant.

SARCOMASSarcomas are not common as carcinomas, and are derived from connective tissue in the body,such asbone, fat,muscles,bone marrow, cartilage, and cells of the lymphatic system.
Benign tumors of connective tissue are named by adding oma -a suffix. for eg: tumors of bone is called osteoma.
In addition to the solid tumors of connective tissue origin, sarcomas arises from blood forming tissues also.Leukemias are tumors derived from bone marrow;whereas lymphomas from immune cells.
MIXED TISSUE TUMORSMixed tissue tumors are derived from tissue that is capable of differentiating into both epithelial and connective tissue.These uncommon tumors are thus composed of several different types of cells;which can be seen in kidney,ovaries and testes.
Wilms tumor of kidney and Teratoma of ovaries nad testes are some examples of it.

haridwar

HARIDWAR

Haridwar in Uthar pradesh is one of the famous pilgrimage centres of India.It lies in the valley of Shivalik Mountain ranges,on the banks of the holy Ganga.Haridwar is a place of temples. Jandhidevi temple

built in 1929 is located on the nilgris 3km from chandighar.I t is believed that tha idol of jhandidevi was placed by Adi Sankaracharya. Dhaksha mahadeva temple is an another one at khankhal 4km. from Haridwar. Manasadevi temple of the Bilvamountains is accessible through the moumtain path. There is also a rope way connecting jhandidevi temple and this tample.The art and sculpture of this temples are very beatiful. Many snanghats are there in haridwar. Thousands of lighted lamps decorated with flowers floating in the Holy Ganga is a marvellous sight.Haridwar is an education centre for science, arts and culture. It is also a well known place for ayurvedic treatment. haridwar temple

dhaksha mahadeva temlple

BIRIYANI-PALAKKAD STYLE
Biriyani is one of the most famous dish in the world, the taste varies from place to place. Hence also it's importance and requirements

does not decrease.It is the dish known to be of muslims, especially of malabaries. Here is a delicious recipie of a palakkadan biriyani.Requirements:-
1. onion - 3 nos: sliced
2. tomato - 4 sliced
3. green chilly- 4-5
4. spices(garam masala)- 1/2 tea spoon
5. ginger garglic paste- 1/2 tea spoon
6. ghee- 1/4 cup
7. coriander leaves
8. mint leaves
9. lemon juice- 2 lemon
10. biriyani rice- 1 cup
11. jilebi powder- 1 pinch
12. chilly powder- 1 tea spoon
13. salt- as required
14. water- 2 cup (measuring cup of water and the rice should be same)
15. curd - 1/4 cup(optional)
Preparation:-methodology
wash the rice and let it to drain.keep the vessel on the gas, when the vessel get hot;put the ghee in it.
Put the green chilly to the ghee,after a while the chillies will start bursting
add ginger-garglic paste,spices paste to it,mix well thoroughly;stirr untill the mind blowing aroma comes.
Add sliced tomato, onion, mint,coriander leaves and some salt.Adding of salt make easily saute of the added things.Stirr it well.
add chilly powder to the sauted items at the vessel; mix well.
Add the 2 cup of measured water,boil it.
Add the colour to it,stirr well.
Put the cleaned rice,add salt as needed,allow it to cook.Sitrr now and then.
Close the vessel with it's lid,allow to cook on low flame.
Here is your malabari -palakkadan biriyani

EEG

             EEG or electrocardiograph

is an instrument used for recording the electrical activity of the heart.The electrical forces prodused by the heart during cardiac cycle(systole and diastole)are recorded on a graph called electrocardiogram.It is the technique in which several electrodes are attached to the living skin,which transmit the electrical activity
of the human heart to the ECG machine. The test will be painless. It gives us the information regarding the heart muscles and the rhythm of the heart.This technique was first found out by Wilhem Einthoven in1903. The ECG of a human heart consist of three waves, namely P wave,QRS coplex and T wave
.The P wave is the upward deflection which represents the depolarisation of the auricles.The QRS complex is the large triangular wave which represents the ventricular depolarization.The T wave is the small wave which indicates the ventricular repolarisation.